Friday, August 9, 2013

Mets Day 483 - mulling over Tuesday's CT scan

Since receiving the disturbing scan results on Tuesday, I've spent some time reading a half-dozen articles published this year reporting on the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer.  Unfortunately, there has been almost no progress since I extensively researched this in early 2012.  BC that spreads to distant areas inevitably is fatal, and researchers have been unable to understand the physiology or mechanisms of how and why it spreads.  There is no cure, and treatments are palliative.  Average survival time after distant mets are detected is about 9 months. 

We don't know if that's what I've got yet, however.  On Tuesday, I emailed my DC-based oncologist the following:

"Dr. Aragon-Ching:

I hope all is well with you. Yesterday I had a CT scan at Fox Chase. Comparing it to my prior scan in March 2013, the radiologist detected several slightly enlarged lymph nodes (10.2 mm) by my left clavicle. Dr. Plimack suggested taking a wait and see approach. My next CT at FCCC will be on Oct. 8. I'd like to know sooner rather than later if my BC has spread to distant locations. I'm also leery of the accuracy of CT scans, since my April 12, 2012 CT after chemo showed 3 enlarged nodes (about 1 cm), and the surgical pathology after my May 2, 2012 RC found 12 positive nodes.

I would appreciate your thoughts on the following:

1. How can I find out whether these nodes are mets positive? Would you recommend an immediate PET? Can I have the nodes biopsied now? Who would do the biopsy? I assume it would be CT or ultrasound-guided.

2. Assuming the nodes are positive, what are my treatment options? I'd like to know the gamut, from highly aggressive to conservative, with your views on effectiveness, side effects, and duration. Should we consider chemo with taxenes? I'd also welcome your thoughts on the best clinical trials to consider.

3. What is the typical timing and progression if this is mets? I know there is no cure and my prognosis is grim, but it would be very helpful to my planning if I had a better idea of my path, e.g., expect to have relatively normal functions for a year or so, then 6-12 months of sliding downhill with palliative care.

I'd appreciate your thoughts by email, phone, or an appointment."

She responded with the following:

"Hi Mr. Brothers,
I can have Meghan add you on to my schedule for next week Wednesday if that works for you.  
There are occasions when we see these non-descript lymph nodes especially in not so usual areas (as in the clavicular areas) and while spread to these areas are always possible, isolated findings such as this may not be related to cancer at all.  I think repeating the scan would be reasonable because unfortunately the goal of chemotherapy in true, proven, recurrent/metastatic disease is palliative, rather than curative.  Given there aren't a wide array of chemotherapy regimens available for metastatic bladder cancer, the stance is often let's treat it if and once we need to.
As nerve-wracking this may sound, waiting until this evolves to such that it can be safely biopsied is reasonable (the chances of success of biopsying is limited when the node is small - and 1 cm would still be considered small unless it's clearly palpable).  Obtaining a PET scan is an option, although again its value is limited in 1 cm or less lesions where a lot of times, it would be below limits of detection by PET.
I would not be too hasty in calling it metastatic at this point and agree with Dr. Plimack's assessment of obtaining another scan in a couple of months.  I think we should look at clinical trials should there be unequivocal recurrence/metastatic disease. 
I'd be happy to discuss further with you next week...Dr. Apolo at NIH would also be a good resource person to discuss with.  Do you have the disc for this latest scan? it would be good to bring it with you.
take care,
jba"

I've confirmed the appointment on Wednesday, August 14.  As she suggested, I also reached out to Dr. Apolo, whose entire focus is bladder cancer research.  Her assistant promptly responded, indicating that Dr. Apolo had some thoughts re possible clinical trials and would be happy to discuss the latest knowledge regarding BC treatments, and I have an appointment with her on Monday, August 12.  Both doctors also wanted to see the actual scan data, so I arranged for FCCC to overnight the disks to my house.

I'm grateful for the dedication of these doctors, and hope that there they can bring me some good news.  The best news would be that the nodes are not positive for cancer at all, but that likely will be confirmed only by a biopsy.  It's nearly impossible to biopsy nodes that are only 1 cm in size, so I may have little choice but to wait and see what happens.

Mentally, I'm preparing myself for the confirmation that the cancer has spread.  Maybe it hasn't, and all this will be for naught.  But I've known the odds for a while, and have had a year and a half to prepare myself for the time that I found out that the cancer is spreading.  Maybe this is it.  Maybe not.

I understand that I have no control over whether the cancer spreads or not, and there is no cure that science can offer.  I am not anxious about the things I cannot control.  What I find most interesting is that, to the extent I feel any frustration or anxiety at all, it's at wanting to know whether or not those inflamed nodes are mets positive.  I've mulled why that is the case -- my knowing won't change my prognosis at all -- and concluded that I've spent much of my life acquiring knowledge.  Learning and understanding the status of my cancer progression is no different.  Whether I'm wasting my time trying to find that out is another question.  The most useful thing that could come of that knowledge is a slightly better educated guess of how long I will live.

I don't want to be clutching to life with greedy hands, doing everything possible to buy another day of mortality, no matter how poor the quality of life.  Some of the treatments for distant cancer tumors may buy an extra week or two, but at a horrible cost.  I'm not interested in destroying my life in an effort to prolong it.  On the other hand, if there are treatment options that can keep the mets at bay without turning me into a creature of misery, then I'd like to know about them.  That's what I hope to learn from next week's appointments. 




Tuesday, August 6, 2013

Mets Day 480 - uncertain scan results

Today Jennifer and I went to Fox Chase for yet another round of blood work and CT scan.    One of the reasons I like FCCC is that you don't have to wait several days for the scan results.  I had the scan at noon, and by 2 Dr. Plimack had the written report.

The results of today's scan was not encouraging.  Comparing my CT to the prior studies, the radiologist detected several enlarged lymph nodes in my chest: "Several left superclavicular lymph nodes have slightly enlarged since the prior study, the clinical significance of which is uncertain."   Dr. Plimack said that the size of the node that she measurd was just over 1 cm (10.2 mm), which is the threshold size for clinical significance.

Dr.  Plimack was not willing to draw any conclusions from these data.  She said that it could be one of three things: 1) the bladder cancer has metastasized to other lymph nodes, where it is growing; 2) the nodes have swollen for a reason unrelated to cancer, such as an infection, or irritation, or some other reason; or 3) the nodes are not swollen at all, but it just looks that way because of how the scan sliced through it.  She added that it was very rare for BC to spread first to nodes above the diaphragm - she could think of only one instance where that had happened. I reminded her that, after my chemo, the CT scan detected three nodes of increased size of just around 1 cm in size, and it turned out that there were 12 positive nodes. A CT scan is a blunt and imprecise test, in my experience. 

The radiologist report continued, "Alternatives for management include short term interval CT follow up or PET CT. If either of these studies is suspicious, ultrasound-guided tissue sampling may be considered."  Dr. Plimack endorsed these recommendations, telling me to wait and see.  She said that a PET scan right now would not necessarily confirm metastatic activity, but might just reflect an enlarged node.  She also said that trying to biopsy a node that was just over 1 cm was very difficult.  She advised me to wait and have another scan in a couple of months.

I asked her about what-ifs, such as if my enlarged nodes turned out to be metastatic activity.  She said that we'd have a long conversation at that time, and encouraged me to not worry about it for now.  Easy for her to say. I pressed her, and she replied that there was no cure for metastatic cancer.  I knew that, but having her repeat it as a matter of fact drove home the point. She said that my options included investigating palliative treatments, and looking for the best clinical trial.  I already knew that the average survival time for a Stave IV bladder cancer patient with distant mets was about a year. And few clinical trials are effective.

Dr.  Plimack restated her advice to continue living and not obsessing about whether my cancer was spreading.  Because there is no cure, it really doesn't matter whether it's confirmed or not.  It does remind me of how tenuous life can be, and how we have no idea how long our mortality will be.  On the one hand, I'd like to know the details of my disease and the treatment options.  On the other hand, it's not going to make a whole lot of difference because there's not a whole lot anyone can do about it.

I'm still pondering this dichotomy, and how I incorporate this news into my life.  Do I live differently, and if so, how?  One indicator of how I'm processing this news is that, for lunch, I had a big Philly cheesesteak with fries, and for dinner, I had Five Guys.  Maybe I'm determined to not die from cancer, but of clogged arteries instead.




.

Monday, August 5, 2013

Mets Day 479 - Scan tomorrow

Tomorrow I have another scan at Fox Chase Cancer Center. In advance of my scan and conference with Dr. Plimack, I've been reading up on the latest research regarding bladder cancer.  One medical journal article that I reviewed had the catchy title, "Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor causes autocrine-mediated migration and invasion in bladder cancer and phosphorylates in EGF receptor, Akt2 and Akt3, and ERK1 and ERK2".  A link to the abstract is at here.  When I first saw a news article about this research, I hoped that it might be good news on whether my plasma could be measured for the PTSI marker. Being able to quantify that might give me some indication of the degree of ongoing increased risk that I have for the formation of solid (and inevitably fatal) secondary tumors.  Bur after reading the article (and I don't claim to have understood much of it), I don't think that it will help me at all.  The possible link between the PTSI markers and BC mets is not well-established, and there is no therapeutic treatment available even if there was a demostrable cause and effect. I'll still ask Dr. Plimack about it, but this research doesn't change the fact that there is no proven treatment for metastatic BC. 



Tuesday, July 30, 2013

Europe Day 35: Home again

 Tuesday, July 30

We got out of the door by 7 am and made it to the Zurich airport car rental return by 8 am, despite taking a tour of the Zurich surface streets due to an ambiguous direction from the GPS.  Returning the car was a breeze – we just waived goodbye to the attendant.  After I left, I wondered if I should have gotten a receipt.  Oh well.  I told the rest of the family that I’d see them at JFK, and I headed off to American Airlines, while everyone else went to AirBerlin, where they will connect via Dusseldorf and JFK.  Sometimes the price of using miles to travel is the suboptimal itinerary.  Because AirBerlin had only 4 free seats, I had to use more miles to fly home the same day, so I’m roughing it in business class, where the filet was a bit overcooked and the crab cake was cold.  I’ll just have to suffer through it.

Upon landing at JFK, I got a text message that Jennifer and the kids’ flight from Dusseldorf to JFK would be delayed by 3.5 hours.  I confirmed their re-booking on the AA leg from JFK to DCA.  They will now land in DC after 11 pm.  I decided that I’d catch an earlier flight back to DC, turn on the a/c, do some grocery shopping, and do some laundry (since I checked two of our overstuffed bags).  I’m looking forward to getting home. 

Takeaways from this Europe adventure, in no particular order:

·  The roads are in much better condition than the US.  I don’t think I hit a single pothole in our 1768 km of driving.

·  Air conditioning is a luxury that most European residences (and many hotels) do not have.  Even our 3 year old apartment in Switzerland did not have a/c.

·  Europeans don’t use window screens, which in the absence of a/c is the only way to cool off.  I don’t get it.  There were flies in every country, and mosquitoes in some. 

·  Seeing historical sights with kids who don’t know or who have little interest in what happened there is no fun.  History interests me, but apparently that was not passed on to my kids. 

·  35 days is a long time to spend together as a family on vacation.   Next vacation, I think Jennifer and I will go with friends instead of family. 

·  I have no desire to spend any more time in any of the Western European cities we visited.  London is all business, Paris stunk, Rome is still crumbling, Athens is worse than Rome, Austria and Germany are soulless, and Switzerland is overpriced.  Prague was probably my favorite city, and I’d consider further exploring Croatia and points east.  But before I go back to Europe, I’d want to try Africa, or maybe Australia or New Zealand.  Or some remote island in the Pacific. 

·  I don’t want to go on vacation where there are lots of other tourists. 

·  If I ever go on another cruise, I’m spending more time in the spa.

Monday, July 29, 2013

Europe Days 32-34: Switzerland


 Saturday July 27

I woke up early, sipped Diet Coke, and updated this trip diary while everyone else slept in.  It’s still hot in the apartment, but a bit of rest has helped to raise my spirits enough to give me hope that I can see through the last three days of our trip.  I’m just going to go with the flow while in Switzerland. 

By 11 am, everyone else was up, showered, and fed.  After some discussion of what everyone wanted to do, we drove into Lucerne and I dropped Jennifer and Kirsten off at the Rosengart Collection, an art museum with a lot of 20th Century art by Picasso, Klee, etc.  I drove Spencer and Garrett to the Lion Memorial and the adjacent Glacier Gardens, which is a strange hodgepodge of exhibits loosely relating to glacier formation, the alps, mountaineering, mapmaking, a tower overlooking the city, and, strangely, a hall of mirrors created for an 1896 exhibition.  The mirrors were amusing, and the rest mildly interesting. 

After a couple of hours, we reunited with the girls and walked around Lucerne’s old core, including its wooden bridges.  We ate lunch at the Hug Café, which had surprisingly good sandwiches and decadent desserts.  We ambled through the cobblestoned city, noting various historical sights called out by Rick Steves’ walking tour.  It was very hot, however – 37 degrees Celsius (97F), well above the historical average of 24C/75F – so we kept to the shade and took frequent water breaks.  Lucerne has many fountains with drinkable water, so we could easily refill our bottles. 

Our plan was to browse for a while, then do some grocery shopping.  At the stroke of 4 pm, however, all the stores abruptly closed, despite the throngs of tourists with wads of cash ready to spend.  Even the big Migros department store snapped shut.  I guess the Swiss would rather have their Saturday afternoon and evenings free instead of work.  We returned to the car and headed home (after stopping again at the Lion Monument so Jennifer could take a picture and buy a magnet).  We stopped by two other grocery stores along the way, only to find that they also were closed.  We ended up doing our grocer shopping at a convenience store adjacent to a BP station.  Much to Jennifer’s delight, we found PowerAide Zero, and grabbed 10 bottles.  That stuff has been hard to find – the only other place we found it was in a vending machine at the Vatican Museum. 

We returned to the sauna, and found that it was only 82 degrees or so inside.  Spencer and Kirsten took naps, but I wasn’t about to sit inside for the rest of the evening.  Jennifer, Garret and I drove 5 minutes up the road and found a public beach area on the shore of Lake Sempach.  We found a shady grassy area and enjoyed a nice breeze.  Garrett and I swam out to a diving board on a platform, and we passed the rest of the afternoon relaxing.  It was much better than sweating in the apartment.

We returned home and found Kirsten and Spencer writhing on the floor in hunger spasms.  Fortunately we got home in time, so we made salads and pasta.  We played hearts for a while – I shot the moon twice and still managed to lose.  The couple who own the place have largely been staying out of our way – they are house sitting another place nearby and we see them only occasionally, so it’s not as awkward as I had feared. 

Sunday July 28

I had checked around for church services in the area, but was unable to figure out when and where services were at.  So instead we slept in, which for me meant getting up at 7:30, even though I was awake for a while. By 11 am, everyone else had emerged.  Our host had bought us fresh croissants and bread, and Jennifer fixed eggs and what apparently was the Swiss version of bacon.  It passed the taste test.

At noon, we all went to the Lake Sempach beach, where we passed the afternoon relaxing.  It was quite crowded – apparently it’s the thing to do on Sundays.  Spencer, Garrett and I joined in a beach volleyball game, then went swimming and snoozed on the grass.  We picnicked on sandwiches and Pringles obtained from the BP grocery store.  At about 3 pm, a stiff breeze arose and clouds started to roll in, and the crowds started to leave.  We felt raindrops about an hour later, and decided it was time to go back to the apartment.

We researched our dinner options – we didn’t have food to cook, since the only thing open is the BP store – so we researched our restaurant options.  Many were closed today; others had closed for two weeks starting yesterday, since that apparently the last week of July and first week of August are common vacation weeks for the Swiss.  We ended up selecting a grill/barbeque place in a hotel a few miles away, and ended up dropping $200 for a couple of burgers, a plate of ribs, and a couple of other entrees.  No appetizers, no drinks, no desserts.  We’ve decided that Switzerland is expensive.  Even our hosts say that they drive to Germany to do their grocery shopping. 

While driving to the restaurant, we were caught in a torrential downpour.  I dropped everyone else at the door, but got soaked running from the parking lot.  According to the weather, a front is passing through which should push the heat wave out.  Tomorrow’s high is forecast only to be around 70, nearly 30 degrees lower than yesterday.  The front will bring rain and thunderstorms, so it looks like we won’t be going into the mountains like we had planned.  I’m not sure what we’ll do on last full vacation day. 

Monday July 29

Last night we decided to go to Bern for the day.  It has covered arcades for shopping, and is probably the most reasonable thing to do in the rain.   We were not in a rush to get going, so we left the house after 10 am.  We drove to Bern is a driving rain, then sqqishd around the old city.  The outdoor market was very small, but most of the stores under the permanent arcades were open.  There was little that interested us, however.  We found a great Italian lunch for under 25Sf/pp – a veritable bargain – then made our way too Einstein’s apartment where he worked as a patent agency while thinking up the theory of relativity.  It wasn’t worth $30 to walk up the stairs and see his desk, however. 

We rested in the Bern cathedral and brushed the rain from our jackets, while admiring how the Calvinists stripped all of the gilt and statues from the once Catholic building, and transformed it into a simpler place that focused on the preacher teaching the Bible in the common tongue.  An organist was in the loft – initially we thought that a child had escaped and was randomly pressing keys at full volume – but eventually we thought we detected some order from the cacophony.  We left before we could be sure, however. 

Jennifer’s goal was the new and improved bear habitat, which we had seen 28 years ago.  Apparently the BLM (Bear Liberation Movement) had successfully campaigned to give the city’s namesake a better place to live, and the new bear part opened about 15 years ago.  They certainly have it better than there forebears.  We meanwhile, were soaked to the skin, so we jumped on the bus back to the train station (where we parked), and rode home anfter getting carry-out food from Migros.  Dinner consisted of roasted chicken, salad and pasta, along with the last of our ice cream.  We will not starve before we leave. 

We’ve decided to check two bags, so we mixed and matched to put all the big bulky stuff (shoes, books, toiletry items), plus various gifts that would not pass muster with security (heavy candlestick holders, swiss army knives), and stuff them into the two expanding rollerboards.  We need to be up and on the road by 645 am, and will be traveling for about 13 hours.  Homeward bound.  


Saturday, July 27, 2013

Europe Days 30-31: Bavaria


Thursday, July 25

Today is another transfer day.  Our destination is Fussen, Germany, deep in Bavaria near the Austrian border, where we will tour King Ludwig’s castles on Friday.  I previously had planned on driving via Munich, and stopping at Dachau, since I thought it was important for the kids to be exposed to a concentration camp. Because we had visited Terezin, however, I felt less urgency to go to Dachau.  The kids did not want to see another concentration camp – too much of a downer, they said – so we reviewed our options. We had a choice of routes:  nonstop (about 3.5 hours), via Munich (about 4 hours), or via Innsbruck (about 4.5 hours).  After weighing the pros and cons of each, Innsbruck carried the vote. The kids didn’t want to drive non-stop, and they didn’t see the point of going to Munich for just a couple of hours, so Innsbruck it was. 

Along the way, I got to drive on the German autobahn, since our route to Innsbruck took us through Germany.  Contrary to my prior assumption, many parts of the autobahn have speed limits.  Once we were out of Salzberg, however, the speed limits vanished, and Porsches, BMWs, Audis and Benzs started blowing by me.  I gradually wound our minivan with its 1.8 liter diesel up and eventually hit 160 kph, or around 100 mph.  The van was rock solid and might have been good for more, but our exit came up too soon.  I wish I could take my S4 out for a spin on the autobahn.

We rolled into Innsbruck just after noon.  We parked at the base of the Nordkette cable car and rode to the top of Hafelekar mountain, where we enjoyed sweeping views of the Innsbruck valley.  About 50 yards down the other side there was a large patch of snow, so Spencer, Garrett, and I had a snowball fight.  We thought about hiking up to some of the higher vistas, then decided we’d rather eat lunch.  We descended and drove over to our first choice (an Italian place recommended on TripAdvisor), but they were closed between 2:30 and 5.  My local internet connection had stopped working, and we had no idea where else to go.  Meanwhile, in the small park next to where we had parked, a bohemian-looking guy stood up from the group of 7 or 8 other guys who had been sitting on the grass surrounded by their stuff, wobbled over to the fountain, stripped off his clothes and plopped down in the water.  Ok then. 

We wandered around to the next open place we could find, and ended up at the Central Café (or something like that).  The menus were all in German, but the waiter was patient as he tried to translate.  Garrett and I ordered the special, which looked like a soup and meat and potatoes, Kirsten ordered some ravioli, and Jennifer and Spencer ordered burgers.  My and Garrett’s dish ended up being some very fatty beef floating in a broth with some carrots and spices, and a side of fried potatoes with sour cream and mustard.  I was hungry so I ate most of it (Garrett was less enthusiastic about it).  Kirsten’s ravioli was good, but there were only 6 of them.  And the burgers were very well done, resembling hockey pucks.  That’s what we get for blindly choosing a restaurant. 

We were still hungry after we left, so Kirsten spied a bakery and we had some Tirolian treats to top us off.  Coming back to the square where we parked, I found a parking ticket stuck under the windshield.  Apparently where we parked required a special permit, although the signs didn’t seem to indicate that.  Ok, time to get out of Austria. 

We headed west and then turned north, driving through a 4.4 km tunnel adjacent to the Zugspitze (the tallest mountain in Germany).  We passed through Ruette and pulled into Fussen at about 7 pm.  I had two rooms booked at one of Hotel Schwangeur Hof, and found that, while the beds were ok, there was no air conditioning, and (surprise) the windows had no screens.  Instead of baking in our rooms, we found a miniature golf course that ended up being much more difficult for everyone but Jennifer, who got 4 holes in one.  The mosquitoes started swarming us at dusk, so we hurried and finished, then went to the restaurant that we had selected for dinner, only to find that they stopped serving at 9 pm.  Really?  Once again, we were wandering around looking for something open.  Fortunately, this time we found an Italian place where the food was actually good.  Sated, we returned to our rooms and turned in.

Friday, July 26

Last night was not a good night for me.  I couldn’t get comfortable on the hotel pillow, and between leaking and tossing and turning, got only about 2 hours of sleep.  I did what I usually do: suck it up, drink Diet Coke to help me stay wake, and muddle through the day.

I had pre-booked tour tickets for Ludwig’s castles starting at 9:30 am, and received an email ordering us to be at the ticket center at 8:20 am or our tickets will be forfeited.  We snapped our arms, clicked our heels, and dutifully appeared as ordered, only to find a 30 minute line to actually obtain the tickets.  At least it was cool outside. 

Our first castle was HohenSchwangeau, built by Ludwig’s dad in the 1830’s, and where the mad king spent his summers as a youth.  It’s still furnished with the royal accoutrements, and the tour guide covered the family history.  Ludwig stayed there growing up, and after he became king at age 18, oversaw the construction of Neuschwanstein Castle.  Ludwig was an eccentric spendthrift with a serious man-crush on the composer Richard Wagner, to whom he dedicated Neuschwanstein.  In 1869, Ludwig was pressured by his uncle, Kaiser Wilhelm I, to join Bavaria with the emerging German state, although Ludwig still remained king and Bavaria retained a good deal of autonomy.  Ludwig withdrew from politics and public life, living in his fantasy world of medieval knights,  romanticism, and hoping Wagner would stay in a special bedroom Ludwig had built for him (the composer never did).  Ludwig focused on spending his family fortune on his building projects.  In 1886, Ludwig was declared insane on specious evidence, deposed, and died under mysterious circumstances (almost certainly murdered) the next day.  Six weeks later, the unfinished Neuschwanstein was opened to the public, where it remains one of the biggest tourist attractions in Germany.

After we finished our tour of HohenSchwangeau, we rode the bus up to Mary’s Bridge for the famous vista of Neuschwanstein.  Spencer and Kirsten amused themselves by stretching to retrieve a key balanced on one of the girders under the bridge, then tried it on several of the locks that plague bridges throughout Europe (unimaginative couples write their names on the lock, attach it to a bridge, then throw the key over the edge, symbolizing their eternal commitment).  They couldn’t find the matching lock, so Spencer tossed the key into the gorge.

We walked down to Neuschwanstein and shuffled through a tour with 50 noisy and sweaty boy scouts from Austria.  Only a few rooms of the castle were finished, and every one was centered around a Wagner opera.  It’s kind of creepy, actually.  Wagner apparently used Ludwig’s patronage to his benefit, but avoided the king’s sexual overtures. 

We rode a horse-drawn carriage back to the car, and decided we were done with Germany.  We drove the back roads towards the Bodensee (Lake Constance), a large and deep lake on the Rhine and on the border of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.  We stopped in Bregenz for lunch, finding a great kabob place.  The kids didn’t want to stop at the lake, so we pushed on, driving through Lichtenstein towards Lucerne and our last lodging place.  It turned out that the GPS directed us to the wrong place, and by that time I was fading fast.  Once again, our portable wifi was failing us, so we had to guess our way to the house. Eventually, we made it. 

To my surprise, our apartment is actually shared with the owners, and older couple who had three bedrooms and a guest bathroom.  The place was boiling hot and (of course) there was no air conditioning.  I was in a foul mood – tired, hot, and not wanting to put up with others.  Jennifer and the kids walked to a nearby place for a shockingly expensive dinner, and I retreated to the car, turned on the a/c, and closed my eyes.  Eventually the family returned, and I resigned myself to sleeping in the sauna.  I think I’m officially tired of this vacation.

Thursday, July 25, 2013

Europe Days 23-29: Normandy, Prague, Salzberg

 Thursday July 18

I woke up at 5:20 am, which was good because I had planned a trip to Normandy and the D-Day beaches for myself.  No one else in the family was too interested in doing that, so I had the day to myself.  I walked over to the Gare d’Nord station and caught the RER E line to Gare St. Lazaure, where I caught the 6:45 train to Caen.  On the two hour ride there, I read about Prague, where we fly tomorrow. 

In Caen, I was met at the station by a tour guide from the Caen Memorial and Museum, which commemorates D-Day and the related events.  I was joined by six other Americans from NYC, Scranton PA, Hampton VA, and San Diego CA.  Our group of 7 spent the day with our guide, Pierre, a graduate student of history from the local university, and driver Bernard, a former cabbie condemned to shepherding fat Americans. 

We spent the first part of the day at the Museum, where Pierre guided us through the exhibit starting with the end of WWI, the rise of Facism in Italy and Germany, the appeasement of France and the UK, the start of WWII, the collapse of the French Army in 1940, the Vichy government, French collaboration with Germany, the slow rise of the French resistance, the Allied preparations for D-Day, the Allied invasion, and the three month war in Normandy.  Pierre and I had a running conversation about why France so rapidly capitulated to the German invasion, and why there was so little  resistance to the German conquerors in the immediate aftermath.  He explained that the French people did not want to have a repeat of WWI, which mainly took place in France, and cost millions of lives.  There was no will of the people to fight, and they accepted that they would rather live under German occupation than risk death to defend their homes and way of life.  He also explained that the roots of the Vichy government went back to a long-running dispute in France over the form of government.  Since the French revolution in 1789, France had flip-flopped between a republic,  Empire under Napoleon, a monarchy, a republic, and back and forth through various iterations of governments.  Conservatives wanted a strong central government, and republicans wanted a weaker central government with power in the people.  Viewed in this way, Pierre said, the Vichy government was the “revenge” of the conservatives over the republicans.  With Petain, the WWI hero, as its head, and many other well-known leaders filling out its cabinet, and promises of economic prosperity with its largest trading partner (Germany), the Vichy government promised peace and stability, and was widely accepted by the French people.  The French police enforced the new German rules, including rounding up Jews and other undesirables.

Pierre said there was no organized French resistance to the Germans until late 1942; initially, dumb teenagers trying to impress girls tried cutting phone lines, putting sand in gas tanks, or otherwise engaging in minor acts of sabotage.  Most were promptly executed.  France had no well-known national figure such as Churchill to vow that they would fight the Germans on the beaches, and on the hills, and in the cities, and never surrender.  Charles de Galle was a minor officer at the start of WWII, and few of the French knew of him at the time.  The British selected de Galle as propaganda move to be the voice of French resistance, and it worked.  Only after the German Army was defeated at Stalingrad in 1942 did the French people start to think that maybe the Riech would not last for 1000 years.  Even then, relatively few French participated in the Resistance; most tried to stay out of the way of either the Germans or the Maquis.  Most Resistance members were betrayed by fellow Frenchmen, and caught by the French police. 

Pierre said that, after WWII, de Gaulle created a “myth” that all of the French people had opposed the Germans, that resistance was everywhere, and that the collaborators were the exception rather than the rule.  De Gaulle did this, Pierre explained, in an effort to unify the French people after the war.  While the senior members of the Vichy government were convicted in show trials, virtually no local or regional politicians, or police, were held accountable for their roles in the war.  Only in the 1980s, when a US historian exploded the myth and revealed the fervent French embrace of their German conquerors, did the French grudgingly accept partial responsibility for their actions.  Additional people were put on trial, textbooks rewritten, and memorials were created.  Pierre said that, in all the countries that Germany conquered during the war, only in France did the local police round up Jews on their own initiative and turn them over for deportation and execution. It was a most interesting discussion. 

After lunch in Caen, our group boarded a minibus to see some of the D-Day sights.  We first went to Pont de Hoc, just west of Omaha beach, to see where the US Army Rangers climbed a 100 foot cliff up to a battery of German 150mm guns in the face of German defensive fire.  The Point has a sweeping view of both Omaha and Utah beaches, and would have been deadly to have that remain in German hands during the landings.  The Rangers captured the point and found that the guns had been moved back a mile or so.  Two Rangers stumbled on the big guns and destroyed the firing mechanisms with thermite grenades.  Over the next couple of days, the Rangers held the Point against several German counterattacks, and on June 8 were relieved by elements of the First Army.  By that time, only 80 of the 225 Rangers remained.  I walked around the Point, still pockmarked with craters from the naval and aerial bombardments, and marveled at the dedication of the soldiers.  Inside one of the bunkers, the wooden ceiling under the concrete was still charred from the flamethrowers the Rangers used to kill the defenders.  I walked off the beaten path and stumbled upon two pitch-black ammunition bunkers.  Using the light on my iPhone, I went in and was startled by a rat the size of a cat scurrying across the dank floor. 

Next, we drove to Omaha Beach, a four-mile crescent-shaped beach backed by 50-foot high bluffs bristling with more than 100 German bunkers.  We drove down one of the five defilades that were the only way of equipment to get off the beach.  More than 1000 US soldiers died on that beach on June 6.  The roads to the beach were captured through a series of frontal assaults and by troops who had scaled the bluffs and attacked from the rear.  Today, Omaha is once again a regular beach, with thousands of people playing in the surf and sand.  I didn’t expect that, but I guess it would be unreasonable to maintain the whole beach as a memorial. 

We then drive to the US Cemetery in Colleville-sur-Mer, at the south end of Omaha Beach.  As I slowly walked through the rows of meticulously maintained rows of crosses, I paused before one that read, “Here rests in honored glory a comrade in arms known but to God.”  I was unexpectedly moved, and knelt down and murmured a prayer of thanks to all those who gave their last measure in the cause of freedom.  I thought of my mother and her family in Holland, awaiting the liberation of Europe, and how they were overjoyed to hear of the Allied landings.  They thought that the war would be over in late 1944.  It took nearly three months for the Allies to break out of Normandy, however, and at a terrible cost.  The US cemetery is only one of many battlefield cemeteries in Normandy – there are 18 British and Canadian cemeteries, and several German cemeteries with over 100,000 buried.  And more than 12,000 French civilians were killed in those three terrible months.

We next drove to an intact German battery that still has its guns in place. All were put out of action by naval shelling on June 6.  Pierre explained that, after the war, the land that had been confiscated by the Germans was returned to the landowners.  Most scrapped the guns for money, but this landowner kept those on his property intact, and when he died, he willed them to the town.  Pierre added that virtually all of the German bunkers in Normandy also remained, since it was too expensive to destroy them.  Some were sealed off, and virtually all were grown over and known only to curious boys. 

Our last stop was the British artificial harbor at Arromanches.  The Brits created hollow concrete boxes 45 feet high and 100 feet long, floated them across the channel, then sunk them offshore to create a breakwater.  (The corresponding US artificial harbor at Omaha was not anchored to the bottom before a huge storm destroyed it 12 days after D-Day.)  The Arromanches harbor (code named “Mulberry”, and later called Port Winston), was used for 8 months to resupply the Allied invasion, until Antwerp was captured and the port facilities repaired.  Some of those concrete “Phoenixes” were refloated in 1953 and taken to Holland to repair dikes after devastating floods.  Today, the remains of the harbor is still visible, and is a testament to the engineering skill and long-term preparations for the liberation of Europe. 

Bernard and Pierre drove us back to Caen, were we caught the 7:35 train back to Paris.  I got back to the apartment at about 11 pm, where I packed for our early departure tomorrow for Prague.

While I was in Normandy, Jennifer and the kids spent the day sightseeing in Paris.  Jennifer and Kirsten went up into the Eiffel Tower (I had forgotten to reserve tickets until our arrival in Paris, and could only get two tickets).  They were playing card games when I got back.  I’m glad that they had a good time – I certainly enjoyed my day. 

Friday, July 19

I woke up at 5:15 am to shower and rouse the rest of the family for our 6 am taxi to Charles de Gaulle airport and our flight to Prague.  At 6 am, the taxi did not show up, and no one was answering at the number.  I walked to a nearby hotel and the clerk helpfully called the taxi company, which apologized for not sending a cab.  It dispatched another, and we made it to the airport in plenty of time to catch our flight on a discount carrier named “SmartWings.”  I was suspicious when I saw that the A319 simply said “Express Travel” and no corporate logo, but we arrived without any problems. 

I had reserved a minivan in Prague, and our plan is to spend a few days in the city, then spend the last part of our vacation driving though the Chech Republic, Austria, Bavaria, and Switzerland.  While loading our Peugeot minivan, Jennifer noticed that her front seat armrest was not attached – it just fell off. We reported the damage, and I hoped that the rest of the car was in better condition.  I also rented a portable wifi hotspot (5 euros/day, the same price as a dedicated GPS), so I could use the iPhone as a GPS, as well as have the ability to look things up when needed. 

We drove to our apartment located in the New Town section of Prague, near the main train station.  We were met by Sara, the owner’s girlfriend, who showed us to a newly renovated three bedroom apartment.  She said that she and her boyfriend had 4 different apartment that they rented out, and had just got this one.  It’s a beautiful place.  The only downside is it doesn’t have A/C, but it’s really not necessary, since the Prague only gets to the upper 70’s during the day.  Like our Paris and Rome apartments, this has big windows that allow cross-breezes through the apartment, and like the other apartments, no screens.  We’ve noticed a few more bugs flying in – a couple of moths, a few small flies, and a mosquito – but nothing too bad.  But I wonder about this European aversion to window screens. 

We stowed our stuff in the apartment and set out to explore the city.  We walked a couple of blocks and caught the #22 tram that rattled through the town, across the river, and up to Prague Castle, supposedly the largest castle in the world.  For more than a thousand years, it has looked over the town.  The Chech president’s office is located within the complex, as well as the Catholic archbishop We watched the changing of the guard, listened to a old guy waving some signs rant about something (and was heartened to see than he was permitted to do so), and ate lunch ate a place with a great view over the city.  We wandered through the castle complex, watched several newlyweds posing for pictures, and explored the little shops down “Golden Lane.”  By that time, it was close to 6 pm, and we’d been on the go for more than 12 hours.  We walked down the hill and caught a tram back to the square near our apartment, and bought ice cream.  Each cone cost 20 crowns, or a little over a dollar.  We’re not in Paris anymore!

After we recharged a bit at the apartment, Kirsten, Jennifer and I went grocery shopping.  I drove down the cobblestone streets trying to remember where the big supermarket was, and eventually found it and, more importantly, a parking place nearby.  We were pleased to see that food prices were significantly lower than Paris or Rome, and got 5 bags of groceries for $25.  We fixed a simple dinner, mapped out our plan for tomorrow, then relaxed with some family card games. 

Saturday, July 20

I woke up early and, while everyone else was still asleep, went out to see if I could find a bakery.  I found one a few blocks away and bought a bunch of croissants and pastries.  Eventually the rest of the family got in gear, and we got out of the apartment at 11 am.  We took the subway to Wencelas Square and walked to Havel Market, which has been on that site since 1322.  We browsed through the stalls, which had a mixture of the standard tourist schlock made in China (including some highly irritating cackling witches), and some genuine crafts made by local artisans. 

For lunch, we took the suggestion of Mr. Steves and went to Ceska Kuchyne, an old-fashioned cafeteria-style eatery.  Each person is handed a slip of paper when you enter, and you grab a tray and point at what you want.  A server hands it to you and writes a number on your paper.  The food was basic and surprisingly good.  At the end, you are not permitted to exit without giving your slip of paper to the cashier, who converts the numbers to the cost of each item.  Lose your paper?  You pay 500 crowns (about $25).  Our bill for 5 fully loaded trays, including hearty soups, entrees, drinks, was less than 1000 crowns. 

We wove our way to the Old Town Square and looked at the Astronomical Clock, which was constructed in the early 1400s.  It is a complex piece of engineering that tells the time, when sunset will occur, the phases of the moon, and more.  Each hour doors open and a parade of figures parade around. Surrounding the clock are four statues, each with a moral lesson to the citizens of Prague:  A Moor in a turban strumming a mandolin, representing hedonism, a hook-nosed Jew clutching a bag of money, representing greed; a man looking in a mirror, representing vanity; and a skeleton, representing death.  We watched to clock do its thing at 4 pm, although watching the throng gaze upward was more interesting. 

Old Town Square is filled with history – a memorial to Jan Hus, a Catholic reformer who pre-dated Martin Luther by 100 years and was burned at the stake for his troubles.  The Tyn Church, which Hus’s followers took from the Catholics and used as a Hussite church for 200 years, before the Habsburg Empire won the 30 Years War and reasserted Catholic control.  27 crosses laid in the cobblestones to mark were local nobles, merchants and intellectuals were beheaded in 1621 for rebelling against the Catholic Church and the Habsburg rulers from Vienna. Three years before those 27 people had literally thrown out of the castle window the two Habsburg governors.  They landed in a manure pile and survived.  The square is a riot of architectural styles, virtually all of it original, since Prague was one of the only Central European capitals to be spared during WWI and WWII. 

We continued on our way, strolling across the Charles Bridge, the ancient span that is now a pedestrian-only bridge, lines with artists and buskers.  We rested in a large park in the Little Quarter.  Spencer and Garrett tossed a Frisbee and were joined by three girls from Ireland.  Eventually we made our way over to the Memorial to the victims of Communism, a spectral staircase with bronze statues of decaying people, representing (in the words of the adjacent sign) the corrosive power of the totalitarian despotic rule.  We caught a tram back to our apartment, done for the day. 

Sunday July 21, 2013

Today we drove about 60 kilometers north to the town of Terezin.  In the 1780s the Hapsburgs built a pair of large forts on each side of the New Ohre River to guard the northern end of their empire from the Prussians.  The larger fort enclosed more than a square mile of land, and had barracks that could accommodate 5000 troops.  The forts were decommissioned in the 1860s, and the larger fort became the town of Terezin.  The smaller fort was converted to a prison, and was used to hold Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip, whose assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked WWI. 

When Nazi Germany annexation of Sudetenland was ratified by the Munich Accord of 1938 (“peace in our time”), many Chechs fled to Terezin, which was on the Sudetenland border.  After Germany finished annexing Chechoslovakia, it started sending political prisoners to the small fort next to Terezin.  In late 1941, the Nazis evicted all of the residents of Terezin, and forcibly relocated tens of thousands of Jews into the old barracks in the large fort.  The Nazis sent to Terezin Jews of particular high standing or reputation.  Terezin was at times used by the Nazis as a propaganda show camp, to prove to the world that relocated Jews were humanely treated. 

By late 1942, about 60,000 Jews were crammed into Terezin, in barracks built to house 5000.  Terezin became a transit camp, where between late 1942 and late 1944, more than 90,000 Jews temporarily lived before being sent east to Treblinka or other death camps, where almost all were immediately killed.  While the Nazis did not gas Jews at Terezin, more than 35,000 died from malnutrition, disease, or execution. 

We walked through the Ghetto Museum, which documented the implementation of the “Final Solution” and the role of Terezin in the Holocaust.  Of particular note was the artwork and poetry of the children, who were educated by some of the leading Jewish intellectuals and artists.  Terezin held more than 10,000 children, and almost all were killed.  Their drawings and poems were left behind and found after the Russians liberated the camp in 1945, and have been published in many languages in a book titled, I Never Saw Another Butterfly: Children's Drawings and Poems from the Terezin Concentration Camp.  The drawings reflect the horror as seen through a child’s eyes.  Visiting a concentration camp was a sobering and depressing lesson that I think is vitally important for my children to learn, so they will never forget the Holocaust, and hopefully become better people as they leaven their souls with the sorrow for sin and hope for redemption. 

After a late lunch in the nearby town of Litomerice, we drove back to Prague.  We debated whether to go to a concert at 9 pm – an Iceland folk rock group named Aristor was playing at a nearby club, but after sampling their music and discovering most of their lyrics were in Icelandish (or whatever they speak in that frozen country), we decided to stay in, play family games, grill some burgers, and pack up for tomorrow’s departure.

Monday, July 22

I bolted wide awake at around 6 am, aware that I was leaking and that my pad had shifted away, so I was soaked.  I hate it when that happens.  I quietly showered, dressed, and mapped out the drive from Prague to Salzburg, writing notes in case the GPS didn’t work.  

We had set a goal to get rolling by about 9 am, but I was the only one awake at 9.  I don’t like cracking the whip, but more often than not if I don’t do it, no one will.  We finally got on the road at 10:41.  Oh well, at least we don’t have a plane or train to catch. 

We drove two hours south and stopped at Cesky Kremlov, a well-preserved medieval town with a large castle overlooking the houses nestled in the bend of a river.  During the Habsburg’s reign, this town was a center of commerce and education for German-speaking people.  Hitler came here in 1938 to announce the annexation of the Sudenland.  In 1945, the Germans were evicted from the town (and the rest of Cechoslovakia) as an officially-sanctioned form of ethnic cleansing, at the town was emptied.  Roma and other transplants moved in, the Communist government built a huge paper mill that polluted the river, and the historic town began to decay.  After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the government stopped the pollution, and tourists rediscovered the historic town.  It’s like Germany’s Rotenberg, except Cesky Krumlov has not been turned into a theme park. 

We meandered down the cobblestone streets, browsing the shops that had a much higher ratio of authentic Chech crafts than tourist schlock (Jennifer bought some hand made wrought iron candlesticks, and Kirsten some soft leather gloves).  We had a fine lunch at a small inn, and I managed to get rid of the last of my Chech crowns (since the country has not yet adopted the Euro).  Spencer, Garrett and I climbed up a steep slope to the ramparts of the castle wall.  I stopped at the base of the wall, but the boys kept going through the overgrowth until they pulled themselves up onto the arches supporting the castle over a ravine.  They crawled through connecting tunnels until they were more than 50 feet above the ground, then sat with their legs dangling over the edge while tourists pointed and their mother yelled at them to be safe.  They found a different way down, but soon discovered that they had come into contact with some poison ivy.  They said it was worth it, however. 

We returned to the car for the 2.5 hour drive to Salzburg.  We followed the Apple Maps program (Google’s could not connect to the server) and the GPS took us down smaller and smaller roads, until we were driving down a twisting lane barely wide enough for our van.  Jennifer was getting nervous, but eventually we crossed the border into Austria, through Bad Leonfelden, and down a long canyon to emerge in Linz.  The GPS stopped working as soon as we entered Austria, but I was able to follow my notes and turn west towards Salzburg and make our way to our apartment.

Our place in Salzburg is located in the suburb of Koppl, up the about 5 miles east of the city.  It’s a large duplex with three bedrooms, a large living room and kitchen.  Two windows even have screens!  It’s very quiet, surrounded by trees and mountains up each side of the canyon.  It’s the opposite of Paris or Rome.  It feels good to be back in the woods again. 

After we checked in and dropped off our bags, Jennifer and I went foraging for food.  We didn’t bother bringing any maps; we figured that if we drove towards town, we’d eventually find a grocery store.  Sure enough.  Getting back was a bit more of an adventure – left at the BP gas station, right past the Volvo dealership, up the hill to – what was the name of the street we’re looking for?  We made it, fixed spaghetti and salad for dinner.  Family games after, then bed.  Another day of our vacation is over. 

Tuesday, July 23

Today I decided to pull back, not crack the whip, and let whoever else wanted to lead step up.  While I was up at 6 am, it was after 10 am by the time everyone else had risen.  I sat and read as everyone slowly ate breakfast, then asked what we were doing today.  I told them whatever they decided was fine.  After some curious looks and shrugs, they decided we should look around Old Salzburg.  I gave everyone an option of first driving up to the top to Gaisberg, a nearby mountain with a scenic overlook, or going straight into town.  The family chose Gaisberg, so we slogged our way up the mountain and enjoyed the view.  We then drove down the mountain (mistakenly using a private farm road that was barely wide enough for our van) and made our way the parking garage under the cliffs near town.  We started to wander around town.  Everyone kept asking me where we were going, and I kept telling them whatever they decided was fine with me.  Jennifer and Spencer skimmed the Rick Steves entry on Salzburg, chose some highlights to walk by, and found a place for lunch. 

During lunch, I was asked if I was mad or upset or depressed, since I was not taking the lead or acting as the tour guide.  I explained that I felt I had not been getting a lot of support from the rest of the family in following through on the plans that we had earlier agreed upon, and that I was tired of being on the receiving end of a lot of crap.  Jennifer and Spencer both knew what I was talking about, apologized for their lack of support, and committed to be more active and involved.  Garrett didn’t understand the problem, and kept asking for specifics.  Kirsten was conspicuously silent. 

For the rest of the day, whatever they decided was fine with me.  I had little interest in Old Town Salzburg anyway, so I was content to go along with the flow.  That’s unusual for me – usually, I like to be involved in setting the agenda.  Today, I just let go and saw what happened.  The effect, I think, was perhaps a bit greater sensitivity on everyone’s part of the give and take.  I committed to work towards a consensus, and everyone else agreed to get more involved in the planning and execution of our travels. 

By 5 pm, the kids were done walking around the old town.  We returned home and rested a bit.  It’s interesting to me how quickly the kids plug themselves in when they come home:  Garrett into his Nintendo DS, Kirsten and Spencer into their iPhones.  Everyone is in their own electronic silo, doing their own thing and ignoring everyone else.  It’s not much different than home, really. 

Jennifer fixed a nice dinner of chicken breasts, broccoli, salad, and bread, then afterwards Spencer proposed a family game (usually it’s Garrett), so we played a game of hearts.  Maybe I should lay back more often. 

Wednesday, July 24

Last night, we had agreed on today’s line-up:  Hallien Salt Mine tour, paragliding, then Schloss Hellbrun.  We got loaded in the car near our target time, and on the drive to the salt mines, Kristen pointed out that it’s Pioneer Day.  Spencer asked, “what’s that?”, and Kirsten explained the Utah holiday based upon the Mormon Pioneers entering SLC on July 24, 1847, and it’s now commemorated by parades and rodeos.  Spencer said, “huh” and the car was silent for a while. 

The Hallien salt mine is one of the oldest and largest mine tours in Europe. The tour takes you into the salt mines from which Salzburg gets its name.  You are dressed in white pants and smocks to protect your clothing from brine, and keep you warm in the 55 degree air.  You ride a little train into the mine by straddling a small bench and sitting single file with your head low so you don’t bump on the ceiling.  After 650 meters, you get off the train and hike another 300 meters, and there you re shown the first part of a bizarre, 4-part movie having to do with a Catholic archbishop in the early 1800s who wants more money from the salt production.  His clumsy assistant ends up burning down half of Salzburg, and the archbishop dies in prison, confessing on his deathbed that he’d fathered 15 children.  What it had to do with the actual mine is a mystery. 

What we did get to do was slide down two large slides from the 17th century, which is how the miners easily changed levels.  The kids liked that.  We also took a boat across a brine lake, which Kirsten compared to when Harry Potter and Dumbledore were searching for the horcrux in book/movie #6.  We saw no inferi and got across safely.  Eventually we emerged back into the daylight with a souviner salt shaker.  The tour wasn’t as good as I remember it from 1985. 

We then drove further south to Warfenwang, where I had arranged for the kids to go paragliding.  Each one would ride tandem with a pilot, with the passenger slung from a chair in front of and slightly below the pilot.  We rode a cable car up to the top of a mountain nearly 2 km above sea level, and Jennifer and I watched as each of the kids were strapped and waddled with the pilot down the hill and into the air.  All of them really liked it – Spencer thinks he might want to try to do it on his own eventually.  Garrett was whooping as his pilot did swift spin turns and banked at a greater than 90 degree angle.  And Kirsten had a big grin on her face as she flew over the earth.  (We know because we watched the photos and videos made by the pilots, but the kids didn’t want them badly enough to buy them.)

By the time we were done, it was after 3 pm, and we were hungry.  We eventually stumbled into a little café at the bottom of the mountain, where the waitress/cook/cashier/busser was kept busy preparing and serving solid diner-style food and ice cream to our clan. 

Our stomachs filled, we headed back north to Schloss Hellbrun, a “day palace” built by the archbishop in 1615 to entertain his guests.  This guy had a perverse sense of humor, and put all sorts of trick fountains through his property, so unsuspecting guests could be squirted at any time.  His outdoor table would provide enemas to his guests, who under strict rules of court protocol could not stand up until the archbishop did.  We were all squirted unexpectedly, which was part of the fun. Kirsten got the most unexpected shot in the gut as she was scampering to escape a line of fountains over hear hear.  We were all laughing at the silly fun.

A long day over, we returned home for some relaxation, more card games, and foraging for leftovers for dinner.  Mission accomplished on all points. 

I’ve been unable to post any blog updates while in Salzberg, because the wifi at the apartment will not connect to the computer.  The wifi works fine with the handheld devices, and Spencer was able to connect with the computer the first night, but since then the mac has been unable to detect the wifi, and I have been unable to repair it despite running several diagnostics.  I’ll just have to wait until our next destination. [Note:  Posted from Fussen, Germany, our destination tomorrow.]